What about the characters in other languages? - Answers
Q1. Apart from ASCII, you have UNICODE (there are others).
Q2. This character set has more bits and therefore more available codes to use.
Q3. If you have 4 bits, 0000, you have 24 = 16 unique combinations of 1s and 0s.
Q4. If you have 6 bits, 00 0000, you have 26 = 64 unique combinations of 1s and 0s.
Q5. If you have 12 bits, 0000 0000 0000, you have 212 = 4096 unique combinations of 1s and 0s.
Q6. If you have n bits, you have 2n unique combinations of 1s and 0s.
Extension work
Practical task: try to find a listing of the UNICODE codes for a language like Hindi, Chinese, Japanese or any other non-Latin script language.